Central Equatoria State has an area of 22,956 km². It was formerly known as Bahr al Jabal and was named for the tributary of the White Nile that flows through the state. It was renamed Central Equatoria in the first Interim Legislative Assembly on 1 April 2005 under the new government of the Southern Sudan. The state has a population of about 700,000, distributed in its eleven counties. These counties have 30 Payams and many Bomas.

Juba is the capital city of the state, the seat of the Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS) and the administraive seat of Juba County. Juba has an area of 40 km².

Juba is centrally located and is linked by major roads to other key cities in the Southern Sudan; Bor to the north, Yei to the south, Nimule and Torit to the east, and Mundri and Maridi to the west.

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Eastern Equatoria State has an area of 82,542 km² and a population of about 730,000. The state shares international borders with Uganda in the south, with Kenya in the south-east and with Ethiopia in the north-east. The Ilemi Triangle in the east, between East Equatoria and Lake Turkana, is or has been disputed by the three countries (Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia).

Kapoeta is the capital of the state but currently the headquarter or the administrative offices of the State is based in Torit. Torit is also the administrative seat of Torit County. Torit was the capital of Imatong district in East Equatoria State in the southern region of Sudan. Torit district was formed in 1934 by the merging of the districts of Teretenya and Opari. Opari was the district administrative headquarters' for the regions inhabited by the ethnic Ma’di and Acholi people.

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Jongolei State has an area of 122,479 km² and an estimated population of approximately 800,000 (1983 data).

Bor is the state capital of Jonglei State and is also the county seat of Bor County. Bor city is located off the east Bank of the River Nile. The city is 200 kilometres from Juba, the capital of autonomous Southern Sudan. The state borders Ethiopia to the east, Upper Nile State to the northeast, Western Upper Nile State to the northwest, Lakes to the west, Eastern Equatoria state to the southeast and Central Equatoria to the southwest.

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Lakes State has an area of 40,235 km² and an estimated population of approximately 350,000 (2000). Rumbek is the capital of the state.

Rumbek in the capital of Lakes State. Rumbek had a population of about 100,000 (2005). The city is the home of three tribes of Dinka: Aliab, Chic and Agar. Non-Dinka peoples, such as Atout and Jurbel, also live in Rumbek.

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Northern Bahr al Ghazal State has an area of 33,558 km. It borders South Darfur to the north, Western Bahr al Ghazal to the west and south, and Warab and Abyei to the east.

Aweil is the capital city of North Bahr al Ghazal. Its population is in the range of 15,000, though this fluctuates throughout the year as rural villagers seek refuge in the city during the floods of the rainy season.

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